New Technology Reviews!.: Inside

"Leaving your Web applications insecure makes no more sense than building a brick wall but using a gate made from chain link fencing." - James Gaskin Whenever the President of the United States travels anywhere there are numerous individuals charged with making sure the President is secure and unharmed from attack. This is the premise behind Internet security. The work you have done on your site is the product of valuable time and energy. For some business owners the website represents significant research and creative energy. It is possible for a vulnerable website to be hijacked and remade in the image of something that only resembles your website in name only or to have safeguarded data copied for the use of a third party. One of the biggest mistakes a website owner can make is allowing the work to be left unguarded. As reported in recent years hacking of a computer system can occur both from within a company or from a remote location, which makes the use of Internet security so important. "Advances in firewall technology (making them easier to install and configure), improvements in vulnerability scanning and better explanations of how to repair them, and better intrusion-detection with fewer false-positives are all key technologies in this race." - Dr. Charles C. Palmer Some hackers argue they are not involved in felonious activities, but are simply seeking knowledge and using the internet to find answers, however the U.S. Government views the activity as a felony and punishable by applicable state and federal laws. It should be noted that the term hacker has been adjusted. No longer is the term 'hacker' only used to describe someone gifted at programming and is able to break a website code to gain access to information. Today a hacker is also someone who misappropriates company data. Typically this scenario occurs from an inside and often trusted source. "System administrators must learn about and maintain their systems securely. Users have to understand their security responsibilities." - Dr. Charles C. Palmer In many cases, business are now making a non-disclosure agreement a part of the hiring procedure to provide an extra legal recourse in the event that data is electronically removed and used in ways unauthorized by company heads. "If a stranger came into your house, looked through everything, touched several items, and left (after building a small, out of the way door to be sure he could easily enter again), would you consider that harmless?" - Dr. Charles C. Palmer Taking security issues seriously is needed in the development of a web-based business infrastructure. It may be worth exploring both on-site and off-site security features as a means of ensuring the long-term usability of your website.

Hacking: An Inside Job?

"Leaving your Web applications insecure makes no more sense than building a brick wall but using a gate made from chain link fencing....

<img src="http://cdn.mos.techradar.com//Review%20images/PC%20Plus/PCP%20300/PCP300.makefeat.pixelh8_2-200-200.jpg"> There's a Far Side cartoon by Gary Larson that shows two doting parents watching their son playing a console while they dream about newspapers full of job adverts stating 'Nintendo expert needed'. A ludicrous notion perhaps, but for some people, making money from their videogame hobby has become a reality – although not in the way Larson may have expected. They do it by making music. This is the chiptune scene, a fantastical future where music is made using the sound chips from the past. Old computers like the BBC Micro or games consoles such as the Nintendo Game Boy and Commodore 64 become instruments, their dated hardware exuding a delicious modern charm. A lot of people have described chiptune as being a genre, but strictly speaking, that's a bit like describing a keyboard as a genre, as chiptune artist PixelH8, also known as Matthew Applegate, is quick to point out. "Chiptune describes the instrumentation," he explains. "Sonically, it sounds very similar to videogame music, but it's not accompaniment. It's music in its own right." Risking death PixelH8 has been described as the godfather of the UK chiptune music scene, with three albums under his belt. His music has led him to work with artists as diverse as Imogen Heap and Damon Albarn. So how did he get started? "It was an accident, a wonderful accident. My baby sister, who was about one at the time, sneaked into my bedroom and poured her bottle of milk into my Nintendo. It was a combination of my being 11 and foolish. I had a screwdriver and I thought I could fix it. "In hindsight, it was very dangerous and I didn't know what I was doing. But what I did discover was that if I stuck the screwdriver in different places at different times, I could short-circuit it, making it make crazy noises." Five years later, he was properly making chiptune music using an Amiga 500: "I was in a bad REM cover band and I was using the Amiga 500 for the orchestral backing. It only made simplistic beeps but I fell in love with it. But then, when the modern PC came into my home, I used it to learn about older machines instead of using it for synthesis." Applegate says the biggest challenge for chiptune artists is getting the right sound from these old machines. "I'm such a perfectionist when it comes to capturing sounds," he says. "I spend hours recording sounds again and again. Even the most basic sound can take ages. I think the real challenge in chiptune music is just to be happy with what you've created." The older the better PixelH8 has a close relationship with the National Museum of Computing, located at Bletchley Park, which contains some of the earliest examples of computers. They've let him get his hands on some of their exhibits. What's the oldest machine he's used in his music? "I think it was the Elliott 803 [from 1961], a wonderful machine being kept in good working order by a man called Peter Onion. Although I did use the Colossus, it was a rebuild and not the original from the 1940s. "The Elliott 803, from what I could deduce, makes around two octaves of F major, and can't produce some of those notes 100 per cent – but that's what's great about it. It wasn't a music machine. The sounds are largely a by-product of the machines working, but in my work, that aspect is brought to the forefront." Applegate loves where chiptune music has taken him. "I've been able to travel and meet interesting people; my music has taken me to places I never thought I would go or be capable of going. I have been very fortunate to meet a lot of talented musicians. The work I usually do is advisory or to make a little bit of software to make a certain chiptune sound, and it all seems to have a knock-on effect. I do one thing for someone and they recommend me to someone else and so on. "Imogen Heap was the first lady to really like what I did. She ran a competition on MySpace for an opening act and I posted a YouTube link on her page of me circuit-bending a toy keyboard. She invited me to Brighton and the rest is history." New blood Unsurprisingly, there are others keen to tread a similar path in the world of chiptune music. Someone just starting out is The Disco King, or Adam Lee to his friends, and he's already played at Glastonbury, albeit in the Shangri-La area. <img alt="Nullsleep setup" src="http://mos.futurenet.com/techradar/Review%20images/PC%20Plus/PCP%20300/PCP300.makefeat.nullsleep_stage_plot-420-90.jpg" width="420"></IMG> We asked him how he got bitten by the chiptune music bug. "I've been making music and playing games for years," he explains, "but I discovered the chiptune scene back in uni. It's partly the nostalgia factor, but I also just love the simplicity of those sounds. One of my favourite things is hearing a Commodore 64 bassline through a huge speaker setup in a club. You'd be really surprised at just how good it sounds!" You can hear The Disco King's 8-bit cover of Kansas's Carry On Wayward Son, and how it was created, on our sister publication <a href="http://www.musicradar.com/tuition/tech/how-kansass-carry-on-wayward-son-went-8-bit-252939">MusicRadar</A>. Lee is supported in his ambitions by people such as Laurie French, who helped him set up the Glastonbury gig as part of 8-bit event <a href="http://microraves.tumblr.com/">Micro Rave</A>, a night that usually finds its home in Bristol. French explains that the aim of Micro Rave is "to plunge the public into the heart of an old computer game, complete with badly drawn graphics, pixellated cardboard-based baddies and cheap plot-lines, but most of all? Fat 8-bit music at loud volumes!" So what does it involve? "The night usually consists of lots of crazy dance-off type battles and games to determine who has what it takes to tackle the main challenges. Then, as the narrative unfolds, the games usually culminate in several selected rebel guardians being dressed as warriors and defending the headline act from abduction by invading robots, by using oversized foam powerhammers. Then when the planet has been saved from evil, much celebration ensues as the headline act plays!" It's not for everybody, perhaps, but there's no doubt that it's appropriate to the genre. Although nights such as Micro Rave are doing their bit to help chiptune music gain popularity in the UK, there's already a much larger chiptune scene in America. One of the more famous proponents of chiptune music there is <a href="http://www.8bitpeoples.com/">8bitpeoples</A>, a music label and community who describe themselves as a collective of artists interested in the audio-visual aesthetics of early home computers and videogame consoles. Along with Josh Davis and Mike Rosenthal, one of the co-founders of 8bitpeoples is Nullsleep, otherwise known as Jeremiah Johnson. He's an electronic musician and artist who has already taken his chiptune music on successful world tours. <img alt="Nullsleep" src="http://mos.futurenet.com/techradar/Review%20images/PC%20Plus/PCP%20300/PCP300.makefeat.nullsleep-420-90.jpg" width="420"></IMG> "I handle most of the day-to-day operations related to our music releases and artist relations, along with help from Josh," he explains. "The three of us work together to organise events such as Blip Festival and plan more long-term projects. And, of course, there are many artists that are actively involved in ongoing projects, be it music, graphics, or hardware and software development." 10 years of chiptune 8bitpeoples has been around for over a decade now. "The first 8bitpeoples website was hosted on a desktop computer that was sitting in my dorm room when I was a freshman at Columbia University," says Johnson. "It came out of an idea that my friend Mike Hanlon had for an artist collective. The name was his suggestion as well. It sounded great to me – I'd just started writing music and it was a way for me to get it out there and meet other people doing interesting things. "The low-tech influence was there from the beginning but over the years, I think the sounds have really matured, and the quality of the work we put out has continually increased." Johnson doesn't believe that the label is about 'videogame music': "I don't think we'd consider what we release on 8bitpeoples fits that description, despite the fact that many of the artists utilise videogame hardware to create it," he says. "It's more about using these old electronics to create new works that are generally far removed from what you would expect to hear in a game." All equal When asked who the biggest names are on the 8bitpeoples label, Johnson is quick to point out that they don't think in these terms. "We've had great experiences working with a wide range of artists from all over the world and we treat all of them with the same degree of respect," he says. "I think this extends to the chip music community as a whole. It really seems like everyone is on a relatively even playing field and if your music is good, it doesn't matter if you've been playing for six months or six years – you'll get the same amount of recognition." This philosophy is evident in a lot of chiptune music concerts too. Johnson explains: "With 8bitpeoples' events, there's never mention of 'headlining' and 'supporting' acts – we just try to put together lineups that showcase the diverse styles and approaches present within the chip music scene." With all this experience behind him, does Johnson think it's possible to make a living from chiptune music? "I don't know," he says, "but I'm about to find out. I just received my master's degree and I've made the decision to pursue music and art full-time. I'd say the chances of making a living off chip music are pretty similar to any other kind of music at this point. In other words, it's pretty difficult – you've got to be hard-working, talented, clever and lucky. I've got the first one down so I figure it's time to give it a shot." As it's clearly something he's happy to dedicate a lot of time to, what's the draw of creating 8-bit music? "The most exciting thing is the mistakes," he explains. "When I'm writing a song and I insert the wrong value somewhere and a totally unexpected noise comes out of the speakers, I just run with it. We think of computers as perfect machines compared to humans, but we ignore the fact that they rely so much on us feeding them data in the 'right' way so they can parse it and operate on it as they're supposed to. "When we make a mistake or intentionally throw junk data at them, you can get these beautiful accidents. It feels like it brings the machines closer to man." <a href="http://da.feedsportal.com/r/83967549046/u/49/f/9809/c/669/s/1011e613/kg/25-40-43-44-45-65-68-158-160-201/a2.htm"></A>

In Depth: Inside the world of the chiptune artists

There's a Far Side cartoon by Gary Larson that shows two doting parents watching their son playing a console while they dream about new...

Apple secrets leaked early by inside traders, arrests reveal

Hacking: An Inside Job?

In Depth: Inside the world of the chiptune artists